Tag Archives: Rca

Cause Mapping the Abilene Paradox (With a Few More Solutions and Resources)

Rocky Mountain Fog near a Valley RoadI have written before about the road to abilene, which comes from an article [PDF] referenced in the book Success With the Gentle Art of Verbal Self-Defense. This concept is so important to organizational function that it bears greater discussion. It’s implications for the MBM Challenge Process and organizational health are hard to overstate.

The Abilene Paradox is that sometimes, it’s false agreement, rather than conflict, that trips up organizations and causes them to go in unproductive or counterproductive directions. When people privately assess the situation one way, perceive that others think differently, and then agree with what they think the group believes, we have the paradox.

Let’s distill the article into a causemap. Here are the causal factors, evidence, and possible solutions enumerated by the article:

Cause Mapping the Abilene Paradox

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This exercise helps in a very significant way: it allows us to examine what questions have been explored, and what have not been asked. There is no shame in missing information: even a book can not explore every angle of every question. Everything is too big and too interconnected. Fortunately for us, we do not need to be a Buddha or Dalai Lama to solve many of our basic problems. [Though it might help!]

If we were to extend the cause map further, we might put in a box somewhere—perhaps as the cause of the fear of isolation—called “herd mentality.” The cause of herd mentality might be found in evolutionary psychology: bands of primitive man that hung together were more likely to survive and reproduce than those who tended to “go their own way.” But such speculation into evolutionary psychology does not lead to possible solutions.

Alternative Solutions

One more possible solution is to make the way a little easier for the “confronter.” The author acknowledges that the risk of separation is real, and that ostracization or exclusion are brutally efficient punishments. But he encourages the confronter to consider the likelihood, rather than the possibility, of these negative consequences.

An alternative approach might be to really embrace the negative scenario with all the gusto we can manage. See Tim Ferriss’ video on practical pessimism:

Not only are we fired for our actions, we are abandoned by our family, shunned by our friends, and left crying in the gutter in pouring rain with a cardboard box for cover. The absurdity of it becomes quickly obvious. You may be cured or not, but it’s worth a try.

More Resources

One resource that may help an aspiring “confronter” is Hornstein’s Managerial Courage, which studied and distilled those actions and motivations which may not guarantee success, but puts the odds in our favor.

Another resource is Crucial Conversations, which provides a framework for having safe conversations about controversial, emotionally-charged subjects.

If you are a manager, supervisor, head-of-household, or leader who wishes to avoid creating your own Road to Abilene, then reading about the MBM Challenge Process is advisable. The Science of Success is a good place to start.

Weekend Reading: The Age of the Operator-Maintainer

Weekend Reading: Scary, Haunted Library

Happy Walpurgisnacht (next week)!

Trend Alert: Milennials [younger workers] share their salary more often, expect more transparency

News Flash: Koch Industries is a leading bidder for the Tribune Company

Wild, Wild West: Samurai sword-wielding Mormon bishop comes to aid of Utah neighbor [This is too just much awesome for one news article.]

Where do you start with reliability? How about clean, tight, and lubricated?

A great article [PDF] by Mark Paradies on the difficulties of causal analysis [Is causal analysis really too hard for most people? Personal experience on dozens on incident investigations would indicate in the affirmative, but it's a hard thing to accept.]

3 great questions for changing “change management” (or “management of change”)

Before you install hydraulic equipment, always, always, always consider your strategy for maintaining oil cleanliness

Solving Gearbox Water Contamination Issues

Hiring? Past job titles just aren’t that important. Really.

A Comment Better than the Original Article ["Guest" writes on 4/17 at 6:51 AM: "Your article doesn't say anything. Yes, Thatcher was one way and could have been another way, which you admit might not be better and might even be worse. Big deal! This is the problem with Leadership as an academic subject. It's wishy washy with absolutely no answers." Had me laughing.]

Terrific checklist for manual-to-automatic lubrication systems that can apply to almost any form of automation

New Hubble telescope nebula photo

Horse Head Nebula

Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)

How long does it take to make something a best practice? It’s about time we changed the job title of operators to operator-maintainers

Weekend Reading: Declaration of Chart War

Weekend Reading: Miscellaneous Classic Books

Announcement: Currently pending in the book review index: Managing Maintenance Error by James Reason, The Toyota Way to Lean Leadership by Jeffrey Liker, Program or Be Programmed by Douglas Rushkoff, A Rulebook for Arguments by Anthony Weston, The Ordeal of Change by Eric Hoffer

How strong is the link between reliability and safety? Very strong says Jeff Shiver.

MindTools for cross-cultural communication: Avoiding Cross-Cultural Faux Pas, Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions, and The Seven Dimensions of Culture

Common Baby Boomer job security strategy: find out how to fix that critical machine and then hoard your knowledge. One way to stop encouraging information hoarding: don’t hire retirees as consultants.

By now almost everyone will have heard about the West Fertilizer plant explosion in West, TX. The location of the plant is very interesting. I wonder which came first: the plant or those houses and schools that are within 200 feet?

Location of West Fertilizer, West, Texas

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Some decent advice on self-appraisals [For rationally self-interested individuals your candor will depend somewhat on the culture where you work.]

News Flash: Grad School May Not Be the Best Way to Spend $100,000 [Balanced article: the point is not that grad school (or even college) is bad, but that neither is a universal answer. The Thiel Fellowship idea of paying high-achieving young people not to go to college is fascinating. I know people whose lives are much harder for the student debt burden they bear and their numbers are increasing.]

Pitfalls in translating best practices across cultures [The example given is specific to Chinese vs. American culture, but some of it can apply from one company to another, or even one plant to the next.]

Best Practices for Analyzing Gear Failures

The Chart Wars have begun! [Arm yourselves with knowledge!] (Tufte’s book reviewed here.)

Weekend Reading: Educating Wolves, Resume Gaps, and Price Gouging

Weekend Reading: Miscellaneous Classic BooksExpanded regulation of maintenance working hours is being discussed in response to recent aviation incidents

Causal factors are sketchy but the consequences are very nasty on this cruise ship. It would make for a fascinating RCA.

Would you be more angry with a store for hiking shovel prices during a blizzard, or keeping prices the same and selling out first thing in the morning? What’s fair price for a shovel during a blizzard? [Speaking in terms of "fair" prices is very problematic since it means different things to different people.]

How to increase the probability of successful change

Since industrial automation is becoming a dejour topic, the Luddites are coming out of the woodwork saying it will “harm workers.” But they are wrong.

Five (and only five) questions of winning strategy: what is our winning aspiration, where will we play, how will we win, what capabilities need to be in place, and what management systems must be instituted?

Tactics to help answer for resume gaps

Taking “education is the answer” to another level: France to “educate” wolves not to kill sheep

Here is a cool fan video for Ocean Gypsy by Blackmore’s Night:

Weekend Reading: Chains, Wear Particles, and Bad Habits

Weekend Reading: Apocalypse LitIt’s been almost two weeks and the Mayan apocalypse “prediction” still hasn’t occurred. In my mind, Y2K was always far more credible, anyway. Derivative-based financial collapse or regional social unrest caused by empty store shelves caused by a natural disaster plus JIT inventories plus “price gouging” laws. Paradoxically, it is more likely to be a trifecta of causes rather than the “one” cause. But the temptation is always there to embrace the “one” explanation.

Know your expectations when introducing change

Advice on chain lubrication

MindTools for breaking bad habits and beating procrastination

Characterization of Particles from In-Service Lubricants

How to plan work on an unscheduled basis

Interesting parallels to the RCA process from VitalSmarts: getting your ideas heard and considered. The writer is struggling to get his ideas for process improvement implemented. To get the writer started, Joseph Grenny creates a list of hypotheses and then recommends that they be impersonally compared against evidence. It lends itself quite well to cause mapping:

Causemap for Process Improvement Idea Rejection

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Here’s a Rocky Balboa motivational speech to movable type:

Weekend Reading: How to Avoid Your Hotel “Turning You In”

Weekend Reading: Miscellaneous Classic Books

Thou shalt not grease a bearing until it leaks out? Not so fast – maybe that’s not a holy commandment after all.

How much rigor should go into problem solving?

In America 4.0 you [yes, you] may be a suspicious hotel guest who needs to be reported to Homeland Security

A formula for rebooting the gaming industry that seems to be informed by Theodore Levitt

Sealable, reusable oil containers: how and when to clean them

MindTools for coaching: What is Coaching and High-Performance Coaching

To get a commitment, make a commitment

Nothing new here, but it never hurts to review the basics of lean

Normally I hate [yes, hate] Peter Bregman’s effete, milquetoast navel-gazing. But in his musings he apparently stumbled upon perverse incentives and myopically extrapolates that maybe we should throw the baby out with the bathwater and not set goals. Nevertheless, there are some good examples of perverse incentives in his article. Even a broken clock is right twice a day.

Got talent? Can you play violin and dance at the same time like Lindsey Stirling in Crystallize?

Future Perfect Present Empowerment by William Williams

Future Perfect Present Empowerment by William WilliamsBook Review: Future Perfect Present Empowerment: A Road Map for Survival into the 21st Century by William Williams

Due to the near-universal myopia of the genre of books  known as “current events” I generally avoid them. I picked up Future Perfect Present Empowerment because it was on the recommended reading list for ThinkReliability’s Cause Mapping courses. Therefore, when I picked up the book I had no idea that it was primarily a book on current events.

Nonetheless, once begun I was dragged into the realm of “Congress has stolen our democracy” and “we the people” need to “take back our government.” We need to “get out and vote” in order to create “reform.” However, having read a few books on current events in my day, this one was actually worth reading despite a few flaws.

Let’s start with the positives, which are actually quite significant.

The first major difference is that the author steps back and places his assessment in a framework that literally goes back to the beginning of time. The second major difference is that the author extends his predictions billions of years into the future. These two differences alone place current problems in a continuum that most current events books, almost by definition alarmist, neglect: our lifetimes are but blinks of an eye in the life of the planet, which is very brief in the life of the universe. The author places current events in historical context.

The third major difference is that the author explicitly outlines his epistemology, or how he determines and uses truth. There are few books in the mainstream presses that do this.

There are a few weaknesses as well. First is the adoption of the Labor Theory of Value [Wikipedia], used to make predictions about the elimination of human labor through robots. Ludwig von Mises was far more useful and accurate in his Subjective Theory of Value [Mises Wiki], but I’ll leave exploration of that concept for another time.

The second weakness is a Disney-like version of history where European settlers committed intentional genocide against innocent natives living in harmony with nature and each other [as in Pocahontas], the Civil War was fought over slavery, and World Wars 1 and 2 were fought against tyranny to “make the world safe for democracy.” Again, I must leave elaboration on the reason these mental models are inaccurate to another time and place.

The third weakness is in the “turning points” identified in the road to American decadence and decline. A far more detailed study of western decadence has been proffered by Jacques Barzun in From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life. If a mental model can be considered “a useful simplification of reality” then the Williams explanation of decadence is oversimplified. The War Powers Act and the elimination of the line-item veto are blips on a long, long timeline. Reversing these two acts of Congress are considered by the author to be cornerstones of “restoring democracy.”

The astute reader will have rightly concluded from the previous that the book is rather weighty and ponderous. None other than the author himself acknowledges this fact several times. He reminds himself that the reader is most likely to be someone less mentally capable than himself, so he invites you to peruse potentially problematic [to you] portions of his compendium several times.

Nonetheless, I will be leaving out many of the details of the author’s Plan for Restoring Democracy and Plan for Establishing Utopia because there is much cream to skim.

Key Concepts

Key concepts are either recurring themes or strong individual points made with a fairly general application. Books with a more theoretical bent will have more “key concepts.”

  • Techniques for reliable establishment of truth [see also: Wikipedia on epistemology] are provided as a mental armory for understanding the laws of the universe:
    • The Truth-Meter, a epistemological device to “detect” truth. On the low end of the Truth-Meter is opinion. On the high end is prediction and confirmation. In the middle, and that standard accepted by the author, is preponderance of evidence.
    • Cause and Effect, based on the premise that there are no random events. The present is determined by the past and determines the future. Therefore, in order to shape the future, decisions must be made in the present.
    • Occam’s Razor: when an event’s cause is not known, the explanation requiring the fewest assumptions is tentatively accepted. For a more comprehensive description, see the Wikipedia page.
    • The Black Box Technique, presented as “the most powerful weapon in the [mental] arsenal,” is used to determine what is occurring when we have no direct knowledge. By putting a “black box” around the event and confining the discussion to the details of the inputs and outputs, and then subjecting explanations to Occam’s Razor and testing against the predictions, an operating knowledge of the boxed system can be reliably developed. The technique is split into seven steps:
      1. Determine the accurate past and present.
      2. Predict the real future using established cause-and-effect relationships.
      3. Predict the (realistically) idealized future using Einsteinian Thought Experiments (see below).
      4. Determine the causes of the idealized future by using cause-and-effect relationships to determine what needs to be done now to “cause” the predicted “effects.”
      5. Determine the difference between the causes and effects leading to the “real future” [the one dictated by inertia] and the “idealized future.”
      6. Compile a plan to substitute the desired causes for the default causes.
      7. Sacrifice present comfort to ensure that the future state is shaped to our liking.
    • Complexity as Ally—the more complex a system is, the more “gates” we have to learn about it.
    • Einsteinian Thought Experiments are a tool for extending our information when only a few things are known about a system. Combined with the Black Box, these two tools are mentioned most frequently in the book and are the most fundamental. For more information, see the Wikipedia page.
    • A modified Newtonian “first law of motion” says that things continue as they are until they reach either growth limits or external forces that change their course.
    • Anomalous Data, or unexpected information that does not fit with the rest (like a 50,000 year-old skeleton with a wrist watch on it), is key to developing new insights.
    • Subtraction: when knowledge of one period disappears, knowing about what came before and what happened after allows you to “subtract the difference” and make inferences.
  • “Survival of the fittest,” as coined by Charles Darwin, is better phrased as “survival of the efficient.” Small advantages can be exploited to yield large advantages over rivals.
  • Four critical abilities fully describe the dominance of human beings over all other species on the plant and also predict which of the human societies will dominate over the others. Societies that are able to do these things the most efficiently will have the greatest advantage over competitors.
    1. To accurately think in the future
    2. To plan for the future
    3. The appropriate social structure necessary to implement the plan
    4. To have the necessary sense of sacrifice in the members of the society to carry out the plan

Useful Features

Useful features are like pages, diagrams, or tables that one might bookmark or dog-ear for quick reference. Books oriented toward application will generally have more “useful features.”

  • Truth-Meter (p. 8)
  • Mega-Knowledge Model of fundamental knowledge as a sequential whole and contains every cause-and-effect relationship ever to have existed (p. 362)

Publisher’s Blurb

From the dust jacket:

Can we live healthier, longer and happier lives?

Can we preserve our endangered environment and conserve our limited resources?

In short, is Utopia possible?

William B. Williams, the author of Future Perfect maintains that it is not only feasible but that it is achievable in our lifetime. The basis for this stunning statement is a unique system of logic outlined in Future Perfect, a system that enabled him to retire a self-made millionaire at the age of thirty-nine. Williams now shows us how to apply this powerful system to solve the myriad of social, economic, and political problems we now face in America and in the worldwide community.

In a remarkable synthesis incorporating an astonishing range of historic and scientific data, from the beginning of time to the present, he analyzes the cause and effect relationships of watershed events that have resulted in the world we now live in. He then charts a road map to the future, giving us a preview of what lies ahead if we continue our present course. And finally, he compares this reality with the attainable ideal that is possible if we begin now to implement long term plans to solve the seemingly insurmountable problems we currently face.

Future Perfect is more than an illumination of tomorrow. It explains how we got to where we are today, what lies ahead, and what we can do to improve the quality of our lives and our world. It will challenge our deepest assumptions but the irrefutable logic of Williams’ system verifies how solutions to problems are within our power to effect if we use our ability to think about the future and have the courage to act. Future Perfect can, if we heed its teachings, enable us to regain personal and societal control of our lives and, as informed citizens, regain economic and political control of our country. As Williams so clearly demonstrates, we must act now if we are to survive into the 21st century and beyond.

Table of Contents

Introduction: The Gauntlet Tossed Down

Chapter 1: The Black Box Technique

Step No. 1: Determine the Accurate Past and Present

Chapter 2: Take No Prisoners

Chapter 3: …in Some Warm Pond

Chapter 4: Bye, Bye Bronty; Hello, Bonzo

Chapter 5: From Caves to Cowsheds

Chapter 6: The Rise and Fall of Human Societies

Chapter 7: Democracy Triumphant

Chapter 8: How Not to Run a Business

Chapter 9: The Theft

Chapter 10: The Results of the Theft

Step No. 2: Predict the Real Future

Chapter 11: The Present to 2020

Step No. 3: Predict the Idealized Future

Chapter 12: The Present to the End of Time

Step No. 4: The Causes, Step No. 5: The Difference, Step No. 6: The Plan, Step No. 7: The Sacrifice

Chapter 13: The Only Possible Solution

Chapter 14: Conclusions

Annotated Bibliography

Index

Key Terms from the Index

Africa, automatons, big bang, Bill of Rights, Black Box Technique, Britain and the British, Campaign Reform Act of 1974, China and the Chinese, congress, constitution, decadence meter, democratic party, DNA, Egypt and the Egyptians, Einsteinian thought experiments, Europe and the Europeans, four critical abilities, Germany and the Germans, Greece and the Greeks, homo sapiens, house of representatives, Japan and the Japanese, Jefferson (Thomas), law of survival of the efficient, Madison (James), neanderthal man, religion, republican party, Rome and the Romans, Russia and the Russians, senate (U. S.), Soviet Union, Survival of the Efficient (Law of), United States, World War II

Weekend Reading: Gear Couplings, Bearings, and Evacuations

Weekend Reading: Miscellaneous Classic BooksHow to Achieve Gear Coupling Reliability

How do you get results? By mastering the basics.

MindTools for stress management: minimizing workplace stress, Toffler’s stability zones, and stress diaries

What to do when your manager is intimidated by you

Eric Peters sounds off on our ridiculous speed limits

5 Ways to Prevent Bearing Failures

Interesting data on generational differences in negotiation of employment terms

What You Should Do Before a Plant Closure

Conversations for when a popular employee is terminated

Cause Map: NYC hospital unexpected evacuation during Hurricane Sandy

Loreena Mckennitt’s The Mummer’s Dance:

Failure Photography: 11/64-Inch Drill Bit

Here is a close-up photo of an 11/64″ drill bit that failed due to overload/very-low cycle fatigue. It bound up during use and twisted off after catching a few times under heavy load.

On the right side, the 45-degree fracture zone is very clearly profiled, along with several surface cracks at the upper edge. Under torsion loads, the area of greatest stress is at the outer edge.

On the left side, we have an improved view of the actual fracture zone with several exposed subsurface cracks, which are also visible on the opposite fracture surface.

Note also that the failure occurred just as the threads begin. This would be the area of greatest stress concentration.

Failed 11/64" Drill Bit

Drill bit that failed in torsional overload/very-low cycle fatigue.

 

When the Simplest Thing Cannot be Made Clear

Young Leo TolstoySage advice from a writer to a practitioner of root cause analysis:

The most difficult subjects can be explained to the most slow-witted man if he has not formed any idea of them already; but the simplest thing cannot be made clear to the most intelligent man if he is firmly persuaded that he knows already, without a shadow of doubt, what is laid before him.

—Leo Tolstoy